Reflex Integration and Development

 There are two forms of reflexes that exist in the human body. “Primitive Reflexes” begin to develop in utero and should only be displayed during the child’s first year of life. During normal development, these primitive reflexes integrate or “disappear” so that our lifelong reflexes can begin to emerge. Our lifelong reflexes are called “Postural Reflexes” and are normal through all years of life because they help us to control our balance, movement, and sensory motor development.

However, when a child’s primitive reflexes are retained and can be seen beyond early stages of life, it can result in developmental delays, sensory processing issues, learning difficulties, and poor gross and fine motor skills. Sustained primitive reflexes can also be the cause of poor coordination, clumsiness, decreased energy levels, depression, poor impulse control, and many social and emotional difficulties.

What causes these primitive reflexes to retain? There are many reasons why your child may still have these reflexes after the first year of life. One key factor that leads to persistent primitive reflexes is a traumatic birthing process such as an emergency C-section, pre-eclampsia, or pre-mature birth. Skipping tummy-time as a baby, a traumatic injury or insult to the body, no creeping or crawling, head trauma, or infections are also reasons that can delay the integration of the early reflexes.

Below is a chart containing all of the primitive reflexes within our body and problems that may be seen if they are not fully integrated (source: Brain Balance Achievement Center)

You can learn more about reflexes within the following resources:

ü  http://www.team4kids.com/primitive-reflex-integration-for-successful-learning-and-development/

ü  https://masgutovamethod.com/learn-more/articles

If you feel your child has persistent primitive reflexes that may be causing developmental delays and functional difficulties in their daily lives, occupational therapists and physical therapists are a great resource for more information! They can also perform tests to take a closer look on what reflexes your child may still have and ideas on fun and playful ways you can help with successful reflex integration at home!